Mwaramutse, Ndi Allen, kandi ndi mukipe i Btzmoc. Mu myaka myinshi ishize, uruganda rwacu rwitangiye gutanga ibikoresho byihariye byubaka. Kuva mu nfatiro aluminium paste ikoreshwa muri beto ya aerated kugirango irangize nka Alc Warboard, twabonye ubwabo uburyo ikintu kimwe cyiza gishobora kuzamura umushinga wose. Nzi ko kuba ba nyirubwite hamwe nabashinzwe amasoko nka Mark Thompson muri Amerika, bashingira kubikoresho bihendutse biva mubihugu nka China, Guhoraho kandi imikorere ntabwo biganirwaho.
Iyi ngingo ni iyanyu. Nukwizingirira kwimbitse muri kimwe mubikoresho bishimishije dukorana: yamababi aluminium. Kuki bikwiye umwanya wawe? Kuberako gusobanukirwa ibi pigment nurufunguzo rwo kugera kuri ayo mahirwe, chrome-nkibira irangiza kandi ikumbura ikingira imishinga yawe isaba. Tuzakuraho chimie igoye kandi tuguhe ubumenyi bufatika ugomba kuvugana nabatanga ibicuruzwa, gusuzuma ibicuruzwa, no gufata ibyemezo byamenyeshejwe bigirira akamaro umurongo wawe.
Niki kibabi alUminium paste kandi nigute ikora ingaruka mbi?
Wigeze wibaza uko gukoresha spray irangi Kurema ko hafi-indorerwamo-nka, chrome irangira? Ubumaji inyuma yingaruka akenshi ni ikintu cyihariye cyitwa yamababi aluminium. Kuri iyo ngingo, ibi bikoresho ni a pigment igizwe n'ibice bito, biringaniye bya aluminium, bizwi nka Aluminium, yahagaritswe muri a Solven Umwikorezi. Ntabwo ari imvange yoroshye gusa; Nibicuruzwa byamejwe neza byagenewe kwitwara muburyo bwihariye mugihe ushyizwe muri a gutwikira.
Ijambo "ikibabi"Urufunguzo rwo gusobanukirwa imikorere yarwo. Iyo ushyize a gutwikira ikubiyemo yamababi aluminium, ikintu kidasanzwe kibaho. Ntoya Aluminium Haguruka hejuru yatose Filime. Nka Solven Guhumeka, ibi byerekana ibimenyetso ubwabo bibangika hejuru no guhumurizwa, nkibibabi byaguye hasi. Uru rwego rwo guhagarika urwego rwa alumunum rurema ingabo uhoraho, ugaragaza cyane ibyuma kuri Ubuso bwa firime. Ni iyi myitwarire idasanzwe itanga gutwikira Umukunzi wacyo Gloss na chrome-isa. Iki kintu gikunze kwita "kureremba," niyo mpamvu ushobora no kumva ubu bwoko bwa paste avugwa nka Kureremba AlUminium.
Ubushobozi bwa flake kuri "ibibabi" biterwa ahanini na aside igabanya ubukana, nka aside yuzuye, yongewe mugihe cyo gusya. Ibi ongeraho amakoti buri muntu ku giti cye flake, kubitanga a Impagarara. Ibi bituma habaho flake kurwanira kuba intungamubiri zuzuye binder cyangwa resin muri irangi Sisitemu. Ahubwo, basunikwa hejuru yubukorikori bwa convection nka Solven guhumeka, kurema ibyo bitangaje Ingaruka nziza yicyuma.

Nigute amababi alumunum paste yakozwe? Gutegereza inzira yo gukora
Urugendo ruva mu ruganda rwa alumini kumusigambere aluminium paste ni ikintu cyiza kandi cyicyiciro cyinshi. Ku ruganda rwacu, The IGIKORWA CYA ALUMINUM ni ikintu twatunganije mumyaka kugirango tumenye neza ubuziranenge no gushikama. Byose bitangirana iburyo Ibikoresho bya Raw: aluminiyumu ndende. Iyi humunum iratontomera gukora ihazabu, ifu ya aluminium. Mugihe iyi pororide ari intangiriro nziza, ibura flake nka geometrie ikenewe kuri metallic pigment.
Aha niho inzira yo gusya itangira. Ifu yuzuyemo a urusyo, ingoma nini izunguruka yuzuyemo imipira yicyuma. Twongeyeho umwihariko Solven, nka imyuka miner cyangwa an impumuroya Hydrocarbon, na a lubricant nka aside yuzuye. Nka urusyo guhindukira, imipira yicyuma ikomeza gukubita no gukosora ibice, bihindura mubyoroheje Aluminium dukeneye. Iyi nzira ntabwo irenze byoroshye gusya; Ni impinduka zigenzurwa zitegeka uwanyuma Ingano n'imiterere ya flake, ni ingenzi kubikorwa. Ibihimbano ntabwo ari sida gusa mu rurimi ariko nanone amatwi inkongoro, aha imitungo yabo y'ingenzi.
Nyuma ya Gusya iruzuye, ishobora gufata amasaha menshi, hatubamo ibintu byaturutseho neza. Byasobanuwe gutandukanya Uwiteka Aluminium uhereye kubitangazamakuru byo gusya no kubishyira hamwe na Ingano. Gutandukana noneho bishyirwa muri a gukanda inzira yo gukuraho ibirenze Solven no gukora Akayunguruzo. Iyi cake iravanga hamwe na a umutwara Kuri homogenize Igera kandi igere kuri Paste yanyuma ya Paste hamwe nibirimo byifuzwa. Intambwe yose, kuva intangiriro gusya Kuvanga byanyuma, ikurikiranwa kugirango yemeze aluminium paste Guhura Inyandiko Zifatika Kuri Ingano Ikwirakwizwa, ibirimo icyuma, no kugaburira agaciro.
Amababi na Aduminum AlUminium Paste: Niki gikwiye kuri sisitemu yawe yo kuroga?
Mugihe uhitamo an aluminium paste, kimwe mubyemezo byambere kandi bikomeye cyane bihitamo hagati Kubabi no kutavumburwa Ubwoko. Mugihe byombi bikozwe Aluminium, imyitwarire yabo muri a gutwikira ni bitandukanye cyane, bigatuma bakwiranye na porogaramu zitandukanye. Nkuko twabiganiriyeho, yamababi aluminium flake ireremba hejuru, ikora chrome-nko kurangiza. Ikibanza cyo hejuru gitanga kandi uburinzi buhebuje kubushuhe na UV UV, ariko birashobora gukora intege nke nkeya Filime mashini kandi irashobora kwerekana ibibazo hamwe Gukira.
Ibinyuranye, Aluminiyumu ya Aduminum yateguwe kugirango Uwiteka Aluminium ni yuzuye rwose na resin muri Sisitemu yo Kwiyoroshya. Aho kureremba, ibi bice gutatanya Kandi ukwirakwize neza Muri firime yose. Ntabwo barema iyo shusho nziza, yerekana. Ahubwo, babyara byoroshye, satini metallic sheen afite ubujyakuzimu. Kuberako ibihuha byinjijwe muri matrix ya resin, Kudahakana Ikiranga gitanga Ikotino-Ikati nziza, biba byiza kubisabwa bisaba Topcoat isobanutse cyangwa ibice byinshi, nko muri Inganda zimodoka.
Guhitamo hagati yabo biterwa rwose nintego yawe. Niba ukeneye ikote rimwe, ugaragaza cyane, kandi urinda kurangiza kubintu nkibigega cyangwa umurongo wa metallic, yamababi aluminium ni byiza. Niba ushizeho urwego rwinshi Irangi rya Automotive sisitemu aho ukeneye cyane metallic Ingaruka zizengirijwe hejuru gutwikira, hanyuma a Aluminiyumu ya Aduminum ni inzira yonyine yo kugenda. Dore imbonerahamwe yoroshye yo kuvuga muri make itandukaniro ryingenzi:
Ibiranga | Yamababi aluminium | Aluminiyumu ya Aduminum |
---|---|---|
Imyitwarire ya Flake | Ireremba hejuru | Gutatanya muri firime yose |
Isura | Umucyo, chrome-nka, hejuru gloss | Kwimbitse, satin Gloss |
Kurinda | Inzitizi nziza hejuru | Byiza Kurwanya Kwangirika muri firime |
Gusubiramo | Biragoye; ipfundo ribi | Byiza; yagenewe gukira Hamwe na Topcoats |
Gukoresha bisanzwe | Guteka Kurinda, Spray nziza irangi | Irangi rya Automotive, ibikoresho by'inganda |

Ni ukubera iki ingano yinshi kumukino mumababi aluminium?
Mw'isi ya metallic pigment, ingano ifatika - cyane. The Ingano Ikwirakwizwa rya Aluminium muri yamababi aluminium ni kimwe mubintu bikomeye cyane bigira ingaruka kumibare yanyuma n'imikorere ya gutwikira. Ntabwo ari uko ibintu binini cyangwa bito biri ugereranije; Byerekeranye nubunini nububasha biva muri batch. Ibi ni ikibazo gikomeye kubanyamwuga nka Mariko, ukeneye ibisubizo bihanura buri gihe.
Akazu Ingano (flake nini) muri rusange izatanga umusaruro mwinshi, birakabije metallic Ingaruka hamwe nibyingenzi. Tekereza ku iherezo. Ibi bice binini ni byiza cyane kubitwikira substrate kandi irashobora gukora isura nziza cyane. Ariko, kurangiza birashobora kugaragara bike byoroshye cyangwa bitunganijwe. Ibinyuranye, byiza Ingano . Imyigaragambyo irashobora kuba hasi cyane, ariko i gloss Kandi ubworoherane akenshi bifuzwa cyane kubisabwa byingenzi aho hasaga icyuma cyamazi arintego ari intego. The uburinganire ya flake ni urufunguzo rwo kugera ku kugaragara nta mashini cyangwa ibidahuye.
Kuri twe nk'abakora, kugenzura Ingano mu gihe cya urusyo Icyiciro ni igice cyacu Igenzura ryiza rikoresha. Dukoresha tekinike nka laser dutandukanye kugirango dupime ingano ikwirakwizwa neza. Bihamye Ingano birashoboka ko iyo ukoresheje ibyacu aluminium paste, the irangi Uratanga umusaruro uyumunsi uzareba kimwe kuri irangi Uratanga amezi atandatu guhera ubu. Uku kwizerwa ningirakamaro kubisabwa inganda aho ibara hanyuma kurangiza bihuye nibyingenzi. Bidahuye Ingano irashobora gushikana ku gutandukana muri gloss, imiterere, n'imbaraga zihishe, zishobora kwangiza umusaruro no kwangiza izina ryakira.
Ari he amababi alumunum yakoreshejwe cyane cyane?
Imitungo idasanzwe ya yamababi aluminium kora ibintu bidasanzwe pigment nibyo Byakoreshejwe cyane hakurya inganda zitandukanye. Ubushobozi bwayo bwo gukora inzitizi yerekana, ikingira hejuru ya a gutwikira Fungura uburyo bunini bwa porogaramu. Uzasanga iyi mbuga pigment Ahantu henshi kuruta uko wabimenye.
Imwe mubyiciro rusange biri mukingira kandi inganda. Tekereza imiyoboro, ibigega byo kubika, hamwe nubyuma. Igice kinini cya Aluminium Ku buryo bwo hejuru mu bikorwa nk'inzitizi zikomeye zirwanya ubushuhe n'izuba, bitanga ibyiza Kurwanya Kwangirika. Ubundi buryo bukoreshwa cyane muri Aerosol Spray irangi, aho abaguzi bifuza ko Chrome ya kera, yaka "cyangwa" ifeza "irangiza imishinga ya Diy. The yamababi aluminium gutanga ko ari byiza metallic Pop iburyo. Cyakoreshwa kandi mu gisenge, aho imyigaragambyo yo hejuru ifasha kwerekana imirasire y'izuba, kubika inyubako ikonje no kugabanya amafaranga y'ingufu.
Kureka inganda irangi, yamababi aluminium nayo ikoreshwa mugukora icapiro. Kubipfunyika na labels, urumuri, metallic wino irashobora gukora ibicuruzwa bigaragara ku gipangu. Ingaruka yamababi itanga urwego rwubwiza bugoye kubigeraho nibindi big. Uzabona kandi ikoreshwa muri plastiki Inganda, aho zinjijwe mu mazi yo guha ibicuruzwa bya plastike isura igaragara, uhereye mu bice by'imodoka ku bijyanye na elegitoroniki y'abaguzi. Hanyuma, mu murima wanjye, verisiyo yihariye ya aluminium paste nibyingenzi mugushiraho beto yoroheje. Kurugero, ubuziranenge bwacu aluminium paste kuri beto ya aerad Witondere nibindi bigize kubyara gaze itanga ibicuruzwa nka Aac block na Alc Umukono wabo woroshye kandi wiringe ibintu. The Porogaramu zitandukanye Muri ibi bikoresho harimo Isezerano kumitungo yihariye yumubiri.
Nigute umukemuraza agira ingaruka mubikorwa byo gupfunga?
The Solven muri an aluminium paste kandi muri rusange gutwikira forelation ikora ibirenze ibyo bigumana ibintu. Guhitamo Solven ifite ingaruka zitaziguye kandi zikomeye kumikoranire ya Aluminium N'imiterere yanyuma yinyuma. Kubona iki gice cyukuri ni ngombwa kugirango ugere ku kugera ku buhamye kandi cyiza metallic ingaruka. Uruhare rwibanze rwa Solven sisitemu ni ugushaka gukosora gutatanya aluminium Flake kandi igenzure igipimo cyo guhumeka.
Kubintu byasohotse neza, the Solven Ugomba kugira bimwe Impagarara. Acide acide kuri yamababi aluminium Flakes ni hydrophobic (iranga amazi) kandi ikora neza mubitari polar cyangwa itoroshye-ntoya-imyuka minerbo cyangwa impumuro nziza. Niba ukoresha cyane polar, nka inzoga cyangwa ketones, barashobora kwambura aside imera ku nkombe. Ibi byasenya imitungo yabo yamababi, bigatuma barushaho kuba basiba hanyuma bakarohama muri Filime aho kureremba. The guhuza hagati ya pigment'Kuvura hejuru na Solven Kuvanga ni igihe kinini.
Byongeye kandi, igipimo cyo guhumeka kwa Solven BLANDA ni ngombwa. Nka gutwikira ikoreshwa, guhumeka kwa Solven Kurema imigezi ya convetion muri firime. Izi ngero nicyo gifasha gutwara ubucucike Aluminium hejuru. Yateguwe neza Solven Sisitemu izaba ifite igipimo kiringaniye yemerera umwanya uhagije kubice byinjira neza mbere ya Filime ihinduka cyane no gushiraho. Niba Solven Guhumeka vuba cyane, udusimba turashobora kugwa mu cyerekezo kidasanzwe, bikaviramo isura yijimye, yuzuye ibyondo. Niba ihinduka buhoro buhoro, film irashobora gusenyuka cyangwa kwiruka, guhungabanya urwego rwibibabi byoroshye.
Ni izihe mbogamizi zisanzwe mugutegura hamwe n'amababi?
Mugihe yamababi aluminium Irashobora kubyara ibisubizo bitangaje, ntabwo bifite ibibazo byayo. Nkurikije uburambe bwanjye kuvugana nabakiriya, ingingo nkeya zisanzwe zizamuka inshuro nyinshi. Kimwe murinini ni ikibazo cya Gukira. Kuberako urumuri rwamababi rutera slick, hafi yikibisha hejuru, kubona ikote ryakurikiyeho irangi gukurikiza neza birashobora kugorana cyane. Gushyira hejuru ya Topcoat hejuru yamababi gutwikira akenshi biganisha ku kwizihiza nabi no gukuramo. Iyi ni imipaka yibanze ya ikibabi uburyo n'impamvu Kudahakana paste ikundwa kuri sisitemu yimyanya myinshi.
Ikindi kibazo gikomeye ni Gucunga imbaraga mugihe cyo kuvanga no gusaba. The Aluminium ni byoroshye. Niba ukoresha umuvuduko mwinshi, kuvanga hejuru gutatanya the aluminium paste mu cyawe irangi Shingiro, urashobora kwangiza kumubiri. Inamye cyangwa yamenetse yatakaje ubushobozi bwo guhuza neza, bikagabanya Gloss kandi irashobora kwangiza ingaruka zibabi. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, uburyo bumwe bwo gusaba, nk'ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa pompe-yo hejuru, irashobora kandi gukoresha birenze urugero imbaraga. Ubwitonzi, kuvanga shear-shear buri gihe birasabwa kubungabunga ubusugire bwa flake.
Hanyuma, Ububiko birashobora kuba impungenge. Igihe kirenze, aside ifatanye kuri Aluminium irashobora kugira ingaruka kubice bikora muri irangi forelation, cyane cyane acide. Ibi birashobora gutesha agaciro ibintu byamababi mugihe irangi aracyari muri Gicurasi. Ni ngombwa kandi gusuzuma imiterere yubushyuhe mugihe cyo kubika. Twama tugira inama abakiriya bacu gukora ibizamini byuzuye kuri forelation yabo ya nyuma kugirango babone gutwikira ikomeza isura nziza kuva umunsi yakozwe kumunsi isaba.

Urashobora kugera ku ngaruka zishingiye ku mazi?
Guhinduranya ibikoresho byinshuti byangiza ibidukikije byasunikishije Inganda guhobera amazi ashingiye ku mazi (cyangwa aquaous) sisitemu. Ibi birerekana inzitizi nini ya tekiniki kuri gakondo yamababi aluminium. Nkuko twabiganiriyeho, ingaruka kumababi zishingiye kumasaha ya acide acide acide ikora neza mumashanyarazi atari polar Solven. Iyo ushyize ibyo bipimo bitandukanye mumazi, ibisubizo bya shimi bibaho. Aluminum yitabye amazi kugirango atange gaze hydrognan, idafukira gusa ahubwo ikanavuza umutekano.
Kugira ngo utsinde ibi, ababikora nkatwe baratoje kuvura hejuru tekinoroji ya aluminium paste yagenewe sisitemu ishingiye ku mazi. Iyi paste ikoresha pessivivated Aluminium Ibyo bikaba bikubiyemo igicerinze, akenshi cya silica cyangwa polymer. Iyi lifer ikingira alumunum yo gufata amazi mugihe akomeje kwemerera flake Kugumana hasi bihagije Impagarara kuri intebe hejuru ya firime. Gukora ikiraro, gifite akamaro yamababi aluminium kuri aquaous sisitemu ni igikorwa kitoroshye, ariko ubu ni ukuri mu bucuruzi.
Ariko, ni ngombwa gushiraho ibyifuzo bifatika. Mugihe pigment igezweho ishingiye ku mazi ishobora kugera ku byiza cyane metallic Kugaragara, akenshi ntibigera kurwego rumwe rwinshi rwinshi, indorerwamo-nkibishusho nkibijyanye na bagenzi babo bakomoka ku muti. Chimie iragoye cyane. The gutatanya Kandi gutuza mumazi bisaba gushyira mu gaciro neza kandi izindi nyandiko zishobora rimwe na rimwe kubangamira icyerekezo cyiza cya Flake. Nubwo bimeze bityo, kubisabwa byinshi aho habaho aho birambye gutwikira irakenewe, imikorere yinzira zuyu munsi yamababi aluminium birarenze bihagije kandi bikomeje gutera imbere.
Nigute ushobora kugenzura ubwiza bwa aluminium paste yandika?
Kubikorwa ubwo aribwo bwose bwo gutanga amasoko cyangwa nyirubwite, kubuza ubuziranenge bwibikoresho fatizo nigitanda cyubucuruzi bwawe. Ibi ni ukuri cyane kubikoresho-bikomeye aluminium paste. Paste idahuye irashobora kuganisha ku guhagarika umusaruro, bangwaga, n'abakiriya batishimye - ingingo zose zikomeye. None, nigute ushobora kwigirira ikizere mubatanze? Biramanuka kubaza ibibazo bikwiye no gushaka ibimenyetso bikwiye.
Ubwa mbere, saba urupapuro rurambuye rwa tekinike rwamakuru (TDS) kuri yihariye aluminium paste Uratekereza. Iyi nyandiko igomba gutondeka Umutungo Kimwe nikintu kidahwitse (ijanisha rya alumini), impuzandengo Ingano (D50), hamwe n'agaciro kabo. Utanga isoko azwi afite aya makuru byoroshye kuboneka kandi arashobora gusobanura ibyo buri parameter isobanura kubisaba. Ntutinye gusaba icyemezo cyisesengura (COA) kubitekerezo byihariye, byerekana ibisubizo byikizamini kandi byerekana ubwitange bwabo kuri Igenzura ryiza rikoresha.
"Guhoraho Guhuza ntabwo ari impanuka. Ni ingaruka zinzira nyabagendwa, yanditse itangirana nibikoresho fatizo bikarangirana nibicuruzwa byanyuma byapakiwe." - Amagambo yavuye mumutwe wigenzura ubuziranenge
Birenze impapuro, shakisha uwatanze isoko ukora nkumufatanyabikorwa. Kuri Btzmoc, turashishikariza ibiganiro bya tekiniki. Turashaka kumva ibyawe Sisitemu yo Kwiyoroshya, uburyo bwawe bwo gusaba, hamwe nibisubizo byawe. Utanga isoko mwiza agomba kuba ashobora gusaba amanota meza ya aluminium paste kubyo ukeneye no gutanga ubuyobozi kubijyanye no gushyiraho no gukora. Baza uko ibikorwa byabo byo gukora, uburyo bwabo bwo gupima, n'icyemezo cyabo (nka iso 9001). Utanga umucyo kandi uzi ubumenyi nimwe ushobora kwizera kugirango utange ubuziranenge, bwo hejuru pigment Kohereza nyuma yo koherezwa.
Niki gikurikira cyo gusohora pigment ya aluminium mubibazo byorora?
Isi y'ibikoresho by'inganda buri gihe bihinduka, kandi ibyuma ntibisanzwe. Kureba imbere, inzira nkeya zirimo guhindura ejo hazaza yamababi aluminium na Inganda muri rusange. Umushoferi wingenzi cyane aramba. Icyifuzo kuri voc-voc-voc-vocice yimbuto) hamwe namazi ashingiye kumazi azakomeza gukura gusa. Ibi bizasohora ibishyarane bishya muri kuvura hejuru no gukanda Aluminium kunoza imikorere yabo no gutuza muri aquaous sisitemu, gufunga icyuho hamwe na mubyara wabo.
Undi gace gashimishije niterambere ryingaruka nshya. Isoko rihora nshakisha amashusho asesthetics. Turimo kubona ubushakashatsi mugukora pigment zitagira a Gloss Ariko nanone amabara-yera cyangwa afite ingaruka. Ibi bikubiyemo gukoresha Uwiteka flake Imiterere, ubunini, na chimie yubutaka kugirango iganire numucyo muburyo bushya. Tekereza kurinda gutwikira Ibyo ntibifite ibyuma byiza gusa ariko nanone bihindura ibara bitewe ninguni. Izi pigment yateye imbere izafungura igishushanyo gishya gishoboka muri Automotive, ubwubatsi, hamwe n'amasoko ya elegitoroniki.
Hanyuma, disiki yo gukora neza nimikorere irakomeje. Abakiriya bashaka pigment itanga ubwishingizi bwiza nibikoresho bike, byoroshye gutatanya, kandi ibyo bitanga uburinzi burebure. Ibi bivuze kwibanda ku gutunganya neza Gusya Kugirango ugere ku rubanza Ingano kugabura no gukora urumuri rukomeye rushobora kwihanganira hejuru imbaraga Mugihe cyo gusaba. Ejo hazaza ni kubyerekeye kurema ubwenge, biramba, kandi birashimishije yamababi aluminium bihuye nibisabwa byiyongera inganda zitandukanye.
Urufunguzo rwibanze rwo kwibuka
Hano hari incamake yihuse yingingo zingenzi twavuzeho yamababi aluminium:
- Icyo ari: A pigment bikozwe mu ntoke Aluminium ireremba hejuru ya a gutwikira gukora neza, chrome-nka metallic kurangiza.
- Ingaruka "ibibabi": Iki gikorwa kireremba giterwa na aside idasanzwe ifatanye kuri flake, ikora neza mumashanyarazi adasanzwe.
- Kumababi na kutavugishije amababi: Kumababi paste ni byiza, ikaramu imwe irangira. Kudahakana Paste ni Byimbitse, Satin Ingaruka muri sisitemu nyinshi nka Irangi rya Automotive.
- Ingano y'inyuguti ni ngombwa: Flake ya Coarser irema urumuri rwinshi, mugihe flake nziza irema kurangiza, hejuru-gloss. Guhuza ni urufunguzo rwo gutanga ibisubizo byateganijwe.
- Ubuziranenge ni igenzura: Buri gihe usaba urupapuro rwamakuru rwa tekiniki (TDS) hanyuma ukore hamwe nabatanga ibicuruzwa bitwara muburyo bwiza bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge hamwe nibikorwa byo gukora.
- IMIKORESHEREZO: Koresha kuvanga hasi kugirango wirinde kwangiza flake nziza, kandi ubyumve Gukira Ubuso bwamababi buragoye.
- Ejo hazaza ni amazi ashingiye ku mazi: Mugihe sisitemu ya solive ikomeje gutanga ubwiza buhebuje, iterambere muri kuvura hejuru ni ugukora imikorere yo hejuru aquaous amababi yobabi.
Igihe cyagenwe: 7 月 -23-2025