Munyika yekuvaka yazvino, kuita kwenguva refu uye kusimba kwekongiri vane basa. Kune vatariri vekutakura uye varidzi vebhizinesi vakaita saMark Thompson muUSA, zvinhu zvekushandiswa zvinovimbisa kutendeka kwechimiro hachisi chikonzero; Chinhu chinodiwa. Imwe yezvakakosha zvakanyanya mukati Concrete tekinoroji ndiko kukura kwe Mhepo-yekupindira Admixture, kana Aea. Izvi zvinoshamisa zvemakemikiki zvinowedzera ndicho chakavanzika kuseri kongiri inogona kutsungirira mamiriro ekunze ane hutsinye, kunyanya kuranga freeze-thaw comecle. Ichi chinyorwa chinopa nhungamiro yakazara Mhepo-inopinda mumhepo vamiririri, ichitsanangura zvavari, maitiro avanoita, uye nei vakaringana kuti vagadzire zvakakwirira-kuita, kwenguva refu kongiri.
1. Chii chaizvo chiri mhepo-yekupandukira Admixture (AEA) mukongiri?
An Mhepo-yekupindira Admixture (Aea) ndiyo yemakemikari inokosha Admixture yakawedzerwa kune a Concrete musanganiswa panguva yekubata. Basa rayo rekutanga nderemhepo kusuma uye kusimbisa hurongwa hwe microscopic air voids mukati me pasita pasita. Zvakakosha kusiyanisa izvi yakapihwa mhepo kubva pamhepo yakavezwa. Yakapihwa mhepo ine mhepo yakakura, isina kujairika inoitika pamwero panguva yekusanganisa uye inogona kushayisa simba kongiri. Mukupesana, iyo Mhepo Yekukwikwidza maitiro anogadzira mabhiriyoni emadiki, akagadzikana, uye akaparadzaniswa akaparadzirwa Mhepo Bubbles.
Izvi Aeas ibwe rekona kongiri kugadzirwa, kunyanya mumamiriro ekunze anokundwa tembiricha yekupisa. Iko kubatanidzwa kweizvi zvidiki Mhepo Pores zvinoshamisa zvinoshamisa kujaira kwechigadzirwa chekupedzisira. Zvinokonzerwa mhepo-yakapihwa kongiri inotsungirira zvakanyanya kukuvadza inokonzerwa nekushushikana kwezvakatipoteredza. Semugadziri wemugadziri uye mutengesi, ndaona ndezvekutanga mashandisiro a Aeas Shanduko Standard kongiri mune yakakwirira-yekuita zvinhu zvinokwanisa zvachose kwemakumi emakore, kunyangwe mumamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara. Kunzwisisa Basa Reizvi Mhepo inopinda mumiririri ndiyo yekutanga nhanho yekugadzira yakakwirira kongiri.
Mashiripiti eaya Air-Kupinza Adminture kunyepedzera mukukwanisa kwavo kugadzira yakatarwa Air-void system. Iyo yakakodzera system inoratidzwa nehuwandu hwakakwira hwezvisinganzwisisike zvidiki Mhepo Bubbles neakakodzera Sparting Factor (iyo yakakwira kure kubva kune chero pfungwa mu pasita pasita kumucheto kwe mweya whoid). Izvi zvine hunyanzvi microcenture ndizvo zvinopa iyo yekutanga kudzivirira kunetseka kwemukati, musoro wenyaya tichaongorora zvakadzama. Chaizvoizvo, an Aea iMumiriri anodzivirira anotsigira kongiri kubva mukati kunze.
2. Basa reAea nekudzora nzvimbo yekunetsana?
Pane imwe yemakemikari, Mhepo-inopinda mumhepo vamiririri vari surfacant, zvinoreva kuti vari pamusoro inoshanda mamorekuru. Funga nezvavo sesipo yakakosha ye kongiri. Imwe neimwe Surfactant Molecule ine zvikamu zviviri zvakasiyana: a hydrophilic musoro izvo zvinokwezva nemvura uye a hydrophobic (mvura-inodzosera) muswe. Kana ichiunzwa mukati Concrete musanganiswa, Mamolekyuti aya anotama kusvika kune iyo interface pakati pemhepo nemvura.
Uku kutama kunotora kwakakura: inokanganwa zvakanyanya pamusoro pekunetseka yemvura. Mune yenguva dzose kongiri, yakakwira pamusoro pekunetseka yemvura yekusanganisa inoita kuti zviome kuumba uye kuraramisa zvidiki Mhepo Bubbles; vanowanzobatanidza uye kutiza. Nekuderedza izvi pamusoro pekunetseka, the Aea inoita kuti zvive nyore kwazvo kuburitsa huwandu hwakawanda hwe tiny madiki, hwakagadzikana Yakapiwa Mhepo Bubbles panguva yekusanganisa chiito. The the hydrophobic miswe ye Surfactant Mamolekyuli anoyera pachavo kumhepo mukati mebhurubhi, neiyo hydrophilic misoro inosangana nemvura yakapoteredza uye pasita pasita.
Iyi makemikari gadziriro inogadzira iyo firimu rakasimba, rinoshanduka-shanduka kutenderedza imwe neimwe Mhepo Bubble, ichivadzivirira kubva kuCoalescess kupinda mune yakakura, isinganyanye kushanda yonesioids. Aya ndiwo maitiro Aeas Simbisa iyo mhepo mabhuru, ichivimbisa kuti vanoramba vakagoverwa zvakafanana mukati nyowani kongiri panguva yekufambisa uye kuiswa. Kugona kwe Mhepo inopinda mumiririri kunyengera pamusoro pekunetseka ndiyo yakakosha michina inobvumira kusikwa kweiyo inodzivirira Air-void system mukati akaomeswa kongiri.
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Kune chero kongiri Chimiro chakafumurwa nemamiriro ekunze anotonhora, Freeze-thaw clecle ndiwo muvengi wekutanga. Kongiri chinhu chakashata, uye capillarry its pore Sisitimu ichave isingachinjiki ine imwe yemvura. Kana tembiricha ichidonha pazasi pokusunungura, izvi Mamolekyudhi emvura freeze uye Wedzera panenge 9% muhuwandu. Uku kuwedzera kunowedzera kusimba kukuru kwemukati hydraulic kudzvinyirira pamadziro ezvipfuyo mukati me kongiri.
Pasina ruregerero-rekuyamwisa system, uku kudzokorora kushushikana kunozopedzisira kukonzera kupaza, pamusoro kuyerera, uye kupwanya kwakawanda kwe Concrete microcture. Izvi zvinozivikanwa se kurwiswa kwechando. Pamusoro pezvakawanda freeze uye thaw clecle, ichi kukuvara kunounganidza, kukanganisa zvakanyanya kuperera kwekuvimbika uye hupenyu hwe kongiri. Uku ndiko kunetseka kukuru kwemapurojekiti mumatunhu senge kuchamhembe kweUSA uye Europe. Kuvandudza kwe Freeze-thaw kuramba zvinokonzeresa kubatsirwa zvakanyanya kubatsirwa kwakapihwa na Aeas.
Apa ndipo apo network ye Yakapiwa Mhepo Voids yakagadzirwa ne Aea anokosha. Izvi zvisina chinhu Mhepo Pores ita semakamuri ekuwedzera ekuwedzera. Sezvo mvura iri mumapipi anotanga freeze uye kuwedzera, kudzvinyirirwa kunobva kwasunungurwa zvakachengeteka sezvo mvura yakawandisa inosundidzirwa mune iyo yepedyo isina chinhu Mhepo Voids. Izvi zvinodzivirira kushushikana kwemukati kusvika kusvika padanho rakaoma iro raizokonzera kukuvara. Inoshanda Mhepo-yekupindira Admixture inopa zvinodiwa Frost kuramba Kuve nechokwadi chekuti nguva yakareba Concrete Durability.
4. Mumhepo-inopinda mumiririri anowedzera kusimudzira kugona kwejongwe nyowani?
Beyond Durabild, an Mhepo inopinda mumiririri zvakare inopa zvikomborero zvakakosha kuna nyowani kongiri. Kubata chiyero chekuyera sei nyore nyore kongiri inogona kusanganiswa, yakaiswa, yakabatanidzwa, uye yapedza. Mabhiriyoni emadiki, akagadzikana Mhepo Bubbles kuunzwa ne Aea ita kunge microscopic bhora fani mukati Concrete musanganiswa.
Aya mabhuru anovandudza kusara kwemusanganiswa, kugadzira kongiri madhiri mazhinji uye akabatana. Mhedzisiro iyi, kazhinji inotsanangurwa sekuvandudza mu Rheology ye kongiri, zvinoreva kuti zvinhu zvinoyerera zviri nyore uye zvinoda kushoma kuedza kuisa uye kupedza. Izvi kuvandudza mukati Kubata inonyanya kubatsira mukuvhenganisa neyakaderera mvura-ye-simende chiyero kana izvo zvine angular Aggregate, izvo zvinogona kuve zvakashata uye zvakaoma kushanda naye.
Zvine hunyanzvi, izvi inovandudza basa rekushanda kongiri Pasina izvo zvinodiwa kuti uwedzere mvura yakawanda. Kuwedzera mvura yakawandisa kunogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya Kuparara uye kuderedza simba rechigadzirwa chekupedzisira. Nekushandisa Aeas, makondirakiti anogona kuzadzisa chaunoda Kubata Nepo kuchengeta yakaderera-simende yemvura, inotungamira kune yakasimba uye yakawanda yakasimba akaomeswa kongiri. Iko kuvandudzwa kwekushambadzira kunodzorawo njodzi yekuparadzaniswa
5. Ndeipi mhedzisiro yeaas pane kufungidzirwa kwekongiri yakaomeswa?
Kuparara zvinoreva kuti zvinwiwa zvinorema uye magasi anogona kufamba sei kuburikidza ne kongiri. Kukwirira Kuparara haifadzi nekuti inobvumira zvinhu zvehasha semvura, chloride ion (kubva kuDo-icing saltts), uye susfates yekupinda mukati kongiri, inotungamira kuCorrosion yekusimbisa simbi uye yemakemikari kusvibiswa kwe pasita pasita.
Sumo ye yakapihwa mhepo ine maitiro anobatsira pane Kuparara. Kunyange zvingaite sezvaunoita zvinopesana kuti kuwedzera mazwi kwaizogadzira kongiri kushoma kunokosha, iyo kiyi ndiyo chimiro cheizvi voids. The the microscopic air voids Yakagadzirwa na Aeas vanonyanya kudyarwa uye vakabviswa kubva kune mumwe nemumwe. Vanonyatso kupwanya iyo inoenderera network ye capillaries iyo yaizove neimwe nzira mune kongiri Munguva hydration.
Nekuvhiringidza iyi capillary chiteshi, the Air-void system inoita kuti zviwedzere zvakanyanya kumvura uye zvimwe zvinokuvadza kuti zvifambe kuburikidza ne akaomeswa kongiri. Uku kuderedzwa kwakakosha mukati Kuparara chinhu chakanyanya kutsoropodza mukuvandudza zvese kuramba kongiri kumakemikari kurwiswa uye kusimbisa kurongeka. Saka kushandisa an Mhepo inopinda mumiririri kwete anodzivirira kubva kune freeze-thaw kukuvadza asiwo kunogadzira zvinhu zvakanyanyisa uye zvakabatikana, kuwedzera kuwedzera kwenguva refu Concrete Durability. Iyo yakashandurwa pore dhizaini kiyi yekubatsirwa uku.
6. Iwe unoziva sei iyo yakakodzera huwandu hwe aea yemusanganiswa wekongiri?
Kusarudza iyo chaiyo dosage kana huwandu hwe aea inhanho yakaoma mukati Sanganisa Dhizaini uye zvinoda kunyatsofungisisa uye kuyedza. Haisi imwe-saizi-inokodzera-ese mhinduro. Chinangwa ndechekuzadzisa chinangwa Mhepo Zvemukati mu nyowani kongiri, izvo zvinowanzoitika kubva pa4% kusvika ku8% nehoriyamu, zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze uye huwandu hwakanyanya hwe Aggregate.
Zvinhu zvinoverengeka zvinokanganisa kushanda kwe Aeas uye saizvozvo zvinodiwa Admixture Zvemukati:
- SEment Properties: Iyo yakakosha uye yekuumbwa kwemakemikari yeiyo simende inogona kukanganisa yakawanda sei Aea inodiwa. Zvisikwa zvakatsinipisa zvinoda zvimwe Admixture.
- Aggregates: Yakanaka aggregates (jecha) ine yakakwira zvakanyanya mamiriro ezvinhu nharaunda pane coarse aggregates. Huwandu uye godo yejecha ichakanganisa dosage inodiwa.
- Tembiricha. Aeas havanyatsoshanda pakushisa kwakakwirira, saka madhiri angangoda kuwedzerwa mumamiriro ekunze anopisa.
- Kusanganisa Nguva & Nzira: Huwandu hwe yakapihwa mhepo inowedzera nenguva yekusanganisa, kusvika kune imwe pfungwa. Rudzi rwemusanganiswa runoitawo basa.
- Mamwe Admicture: Mamwe makemikari mu musanganiswa, senge mvura inoderedza kana kuti inokatyamadza, inogona kudyidzana ne Aea, kukanganisa maitiro ayo.
Nekuda kweizvi akasiyana siyana, zvakakosha kuti uitwe zviyedzo zvigaro mumarara kana mumunda kuti uone Yakapihwa Mhepo Zvemukati uchishandisa metret. Kugadzirisa kune Aea Dosage inofanira kugadzirwa zvichienderana neiyi bvunzo mhinduro kuti uve nechokwadi kuita kwekongiri inosangana neprojekiti yakatarwa. Inowirirana uye inofungidzira Admixture inokosha kuitira ichi chiitiko.
7. Zvimwe zvinyaradziviso senge kubhururuka ash kukanganisa aea performance?
Ehe, zvachose. Kuita kwe Air-Kupinza Adminture inogona kukanganiswa zvakanyanya nekuvapo kwezvimwe zvinhu mune Concrete musanganiswa, kunyanya zvekuwedzera mashandiro emidziyo (scms) senge fly ash. Uku ndiko kufunga kwakanetsa kune vanogadzira, se fly ash inowanzoshandiswa kuvandudza Sustainabilation uye simbisa zvivakwa zve akaomeswa kongiri.
Nyaya huru ne fly ash ndeyekuti inogona kunge iine mashoma ema kabhoni akasara. Iyi kabhoni ine porous uye inogona kukwezva uye kubata iyo Aea mamorekuru kuburikidza nemaitiro anonzi Adsorption. Kana iyo Mhepo inopinda mumiririri inodhindwa pane kabhoni manhamba, haisisipo kuderedza iyo pamusoro pekunetseka yemvura uye Simbisa the the Mhepo Bubbles. Izvi zvinogona kutungamira kune yakakosha kudonha mu Yakapihwa Mhepo Zvemukati ye kongiri, kana izvo zvinozivikanwa seane mhepo yakaderera.
Kurwisa izvi Mhedzisiro yeMhepo Kupinda kurasikirwa, yakakwira dosage ye Aea inowanzodiwa riinhi fly ash iripo. Huwandu hwekuwedzera Admixture inodiwa zvinoenderana necarbon zvirimo zve fly ash. Izvo zvakakosha kuti kongiri vanogadzira kuti vashande navo fly ash uye Admixture Vatengesi kuti vanzwisise izvi zvekudyidzana uye kugadzirisa kwavo Sanganisa Dhizaini Saizvozvo. Kuedza kuchibvumirano ndiyo chete nzira yekuve nechokwadi chekutangwa Mhepo Zvemukati inowanikwa kana uchishandisa izvi zvinosanganiswa zvinhu.
8. Ndezvipi zvinokonzeresa anaas pane simba rezvinyorwa zveSement-based?
Imwe yeanonyanya kukosha kufunga kana uchishandisa Aeas mhedzisiro yavo pane simba re simende-yakavakirwa zvinhu. Sekutonga kwakawanda, kusuma kwenyaya mukati kongiri ichaderedza simba rayo. Imwe neimwe% ye yakapihwa mhepo inogona kuderedza iyo Simba rekumanikidza ye kongiri neinosvika 5%.
Kuderedzwa uku musimba ndiko kutengeserana-kubva kunofanirwa kuve kwakayerwa kupokana nekukura kwakakura mukugadzika. Nekuti kongiri kufumurwa freeze-Thaw mamiriro, kurasikirwa nevamwe Simba rekumanikidza Mutengo mudiki kubhadhara kudzivirira kutadza kutadza kutadza kubva kuchando kukuvara. The the Tensule Simba reConcrete uye Simba rinoshanduka zvakare zvakafanana zvakakanganiswa, asi kune zvishoma zvishoma degree degree. The the michina yezvivakwa zvinoshandurwa nehanya nechinangwa Kusanganiswa yemhepo.
Nekudaro, zvakakosha kuti uone kuti kumwe kurasa uku kwesimba kunogona kugadziriswa. Nekuti Aeas kunatsiridza Kubata, zvinowanzoitika kuderedza huwandu hwemvura yekusanganisa mukati kongiri. Kuderedza iyo-ye-simende recio inowedzera simba risimba re pasita pasita, iyo inogona kudzorera imwe yekudzikiswa kwesimba yakakonzerwa ne yakapihwa mhepo. Iyo yekupedzisira chinangwa ndechekugadzira a Concrete musanganiswa iyo ine simba rakakwana kune izvo zvimiro zvaro zvinodikanwa zvichinanganawo nezvinodiwa Air-void system yekuimba kwenguva refu. Ichi chiyero chakakosha kune ese akakwira-mhando simende-yakavakirwa zvinhu, kusanganisira zvigadzirwa zvepamberi senge kureruka AAC block uye yakakura-fomati Alc wallboard, izvo zvinovimbika kudzora chaiko kwechimiro chavo chemukati chisina musoro.
9. Pane mhando dzakasiyana dzemhepo-yekupindira vamiririri?
Ehe, kune akati wandei marudzi emakemikari e Mhepo-inopinda mumhepo vamiririri anoshandiswa mune Indasitiri yekuvaka. Nepo vese vashande nekudzora pamusoro pekunetseka, kuumbwa kwemakemikari kunogona kusiyana, kutungamira kusiyano mukubudirira, kugadzikana, uye kudyidzana nezvimwe zvinhu mu kongiri.
Nzira yekutanga uye yakawanda yetsika ye Aeas dzaive dzakavakirwa pamatanda matanda, ne Vinsol Resin kuva muenzaniso unozivikanwa. Aya ndiwo munyu wehuni dzehuni resin uye inoshanda kwazvo pakupindira mweya. Chimwe chikamu chikuru chakarongeka chinogadzirisa, izvo zvine mapundu e organic petroleum acids. Izvi zvakare zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya uye zvinogona kuunganidzwa nekuda kwehunyanzvi hwekuita maitiro. Boka rechitatu rinosanganisira munyu wemasaga ehyfonicarbons.
Zvakanyanya zvazvino Aeas vari Anonic Surfacts, zvinoreva chikamu chinoshanda chemolecule chinotakura chakashata. Sarudzo chaiyo ye Mhepo inopinda mumiririri kazhinji zvinoenderana nezvinogadzirwa zvemuno, izvo zvakananga zvinodiwa zve Concrete musanganiswa, uye mutengo-zvinobudirira. Zvakasiyana Aeas inogona kuburitsa mabhuruku ine zvishoma zvakasiyana Kugovera Signution, inogona kukanganisa Sparting Factor uye kuwedzera kugona kwe Air-void system. Mutengesi akanaka anokwanisa kupa data pakuita kwavo kwechigadzirwa uye kurudzira zvakanakisa Admixture kune yakapihwa seti yemidziyo uye mamiriro. Nepo Aeas suma mhepo michina, zvinonakidza kuona kuti mamwe maitiro anoshandisa makemikari maitiro, se Aluminium pastes yeakakora kongiri Isu takagadzira, iyo inopa gasi kugadzira zvinhu zvinoremerwa.
10. Ungaita sei kuti uve nechokwadi chekuwirirana hunhu paunenge uchisimbisa aea ae ae?
Kuti uwane mukuru wekutakura saMark, anoverengera kuyaruka kwemhando yepamusoro Aea inokoshesa kudzivisa matambudziko ekugadzira uye kuona yekupedzisira kongiri inosangana yakatarwa. Surcing a Admixture Kubva kune mhiri kwemakungwa kunoda mubatanidzwa wakavakwa pakuvimba uye nekujeka. Nhanho yekutanga ndeyekushanda nemugadziri mukuru wekusagadzikana maitiro ekugadzirisa maitiro.
Kubva pamaonero angu semutengesi, ndinonzwisisa izvi zvinonetsa. Mudiwa akavimbika anopa chitupa chekuongororwa nechero imwe neimwe yekutumira, kutsanangura zvivakwa zveiyo batch. Vanofanira kukwanisa kuratidza kusanzwisisika muzvinhu kunge zvirimo zvakasimba, Ph, uye chimiro chaicho. Izvi zvinovimbisa kuti Aea Iwe unogashira nhasi uchaita zvakafanana kune uyo waunogamuchira mumwedzi mitanhatu. Uku kufanotaura kwakakosha kuti ugare uchienderana Concrete musanganiswa dhizaini pasina nguva dzose kugadzirisa.
Kukurukurirana pachena kwakadaro kiyi. Mutengesi wako anofanira kungopfuura kungori mutengesi; Ivo vanofanirwa kuve technical sosi. Ivo vanofanirwa kukwanisa kukubatsira iwe kugadzirisa nyaya, sekuchinja kusingatarisirwi mukati Mhepo Zvemukati kana kubatanidzwa neiyo batch itsva ye simenti kana fly ash. Se Professional mvura-yakavakirwa aluminium poda slurry fekitori Kuendesa kuUS uye Europe, tinoziva kuti kuvaka rudzi urwu rwehukama ndiko hwaro hwekubudirira kwenguva refu. Kusarudza Anopa Anonzwisisa Anonzwisisa Njanji dzezvigadzirwa zvavo uye rakazvipira kubudirira kwako ndiyo nzira yakanakisa yekuderedza njodzi dzekutengesa zvinowedzera kunge a Aea.
Key kutoraya kuyeuka
- AEAS Gadzira iyo Inzvimbo Inodzivirira: Mhepo-yekupindira Adminture Suble Suma network yeMicroscopic Air Bubbles muConcrete Kuti Uidzivirire Kubva Kwazvo-Thaw Kukuvara.
- Ivo vanoshanda nekuderedza nzvimbo yekunetsana: AEAS ndeye surfacts iyo inoderedza nzvimbo yekunhuhwirira kwemvura, kubvumira kuumbwa kweiyo yakagadzikana, madiki emhepo mabhuru.
- Kugara ndicho chinangwa chikuru: Kubatsirwa kwekutanga kweAea ndeyekuvandudza kukuru mukuvandudza kweGreale-thaw kuramba, kudzivirira kupaza uye kuhukura munzvimbo dzinotonhora.
- Kushanda kwakavandudzwa: Iyo yakashambidzwa mhepo mabhurukuita senge lubriants, kugadzira kongiri nyowani iri nyore kuisa uye kupedzisa pasina kuwedzera mvura yakawandisa.
- Simba kutengeserana-kubva: Yakapindirwa mweya zvishoma nezvishoma inoderedza simba rekumanikidza, asi izvi zvinokonzeresa zvinodikanwa kuti zviwane mufaro mukuru mukuimba kwenguva refu.
- Dosage inotsoropodza: Iyo huwandu hwe aea inodiwa inosiyana zvichienderana nezvinhu, tembiricha, uye zvimwe zvinyadzo. Gara uchiedza kuti uone zvemhepo zvemhepo.
- Kunaka kwemhando kiyi: Partner nemutengesi ane mukurumbira uyo anopa zvigadzirwa zvinoenderana uye technical tsigiro kuti ive nechokwadi chekufungidzira kuita.
Kutumira Nguva: 8 月 -27-2025
